ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Predictive value of hyperreflective foci for anti-VEGF therapeutic outcomes in different subtypes of diabetic macular edema: a retrospective analysis.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the correlation between optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers and therapeutic outcomes in patients with different subtypes of diabetic macular edema (DME) following anti-VEGF treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 113 patients diagnosed with DME and treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. Based on OCT characteristics, patients were categorized into three groups: cystoid macular edema (CME), diffuse retinal thickening (DRT), and serous retinal detachment (SRD). The primary outcome measures were the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) and the number of hyperreflective foci (HRF) at each follow-up time point during the observation period. The secondary outcome measures included the status of other OCT biomarkers such as disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL), the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) disruption, and hard exudates at baseline. Additionally, the relationship between HRF, CMT and BCVA was analyzed. Results: The CME group had the worst BCVA (LogMAR) throughout (vs. DRT/SRD, all P<0.05), while DRT and SRD showed no significant difference (all P>0.05). For HRF, the DRT group had the fewest HRF across retinal layers from baseline to the end of follow-up (e.g., inner retina: 1.91 ± 1.22 at 12 months, ANOVA P<0.001; Conclusion: Anti-VEGF therapy can reduce the number of HRF in the three subtypes of DME. Baseline HRF, especially within the inner and outer retinal layers, are useful prognostic markers for visual acuity. Subtype-specific treatment and monitoring approaches may enhance long-term visual prognosis in DME patients.
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