ArticleIEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control2025
Cross Amplitude Modulation and Compound Amplitude Modulation for Nonlinear Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging of Nanobubbles.
Article in IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Laser-induced hyperspectral fluorescence for spatio-chemical detection of sunscreen contaminants in food-grade sea salt using sparse PCA-SVM analysis.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Effect of Drug Loading on the Acoustic Response of Nanobubbles in Stable and Inertial Cavitation Regimes.IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In nonlinear contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging, nanobubbles (NBs) offer a promising alternative for enhanced visualization of microvascular structures and molecular imaging. This study explores two amplitude-modulated (AM) techniques-cross amplitude modulation (xAM) and compound amplitude modulation (cAM)-to enhance the capabilities of NB-mediated CEUS imaging. Both methods were tested on the Vevo F2 ultrasound imaging system (Fujifilm VisualSonics Inc.) using the Vevo Advanced Data Acquisition (VADA) mode, allowing full customization of pulse sequences. The xAM technique utilized a three-event pulse sequence that transmits cross-propagating plane-wave beams from dual apertures. This method isolated nonlinear scattered waves from NBs, reducing background noise and enhancing image quality. In contrast, cAM achieved a high frame rate of 706 Hz, a valuable feature for tracking the NB vascular flow dynamics. cAM combined plane-wave compounding with amplitude modulation, transmitting two events (half- and full-amplitude), achieving high frame rates for velocity imaging at the expense of image quality. NBs at a concentration of 10
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