ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
TACE combined with regorafenib with or without anti-PD-1 therapy for advanced HCC after targeted therapy failure: a multicenter real-world study.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Regorafenib and PD-1 Inhibitor as Second-Line Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancer management and research · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib with or without Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as Second-Line Treatment for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Arm-Level Synthesis of Real-World Comparative Cohorts.OncoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and objectives: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progressing after targeted therapy face limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Although regorafenib is an established second-line therapy, its combination with locoregional and immunotherapeutic approaches remains insufficiently characterized in real-world settings. This multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and safety of combining transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with regorafenib and anti-PD-1 therapy in advanced HCC (BCLC B/C) after targeted therapy failure, with a focus on optimizing treatment timing and dosing strategies. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, propensity score-matched study involving 188 HCC patients from five tertiary medical centers between June 2022 and June 2024. Among them, 103 patients received triple therapy (TRP group: TACE combined with regorafenib and PD-1 inhibitors), while 85 received dual therapy (TR group: TACE combined with regorafenib). After propensity score matching (PSM), 64 patients were included in each group. Primary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), evaluated per mRECIST v1.1 criteria, with secondary endpoints including objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Subgroup analyses examined the effects of regorafenib initiation timing (second-line versus third-line or later) and dosage (80 mg vs 120-160 mg) on PFS. Results: The triple therapy group demonstrated significantly superior efficacy compared to the dual therapy group. After PSM, the TRP group showed significantly improved median PFS (6.5 vs. 4.6 months) and OS (15.8 vs. 12.1 months), along with significantly higher ORR (32.8% vs. 17.2%) and DCR (.71.9% vs. 51.6%) compared to the TR group. Earlier regorafenib initiation (second-line) was associated with substantially prolonged PFS in both treatment arms (TRP group: 7.2 vs 5.1 months; TR group: 5.1 vs 4.2 months), whereas dosage variations did not significantly affect survival outcomes. TRAEs were comparable between groups except for a higher incidence of rash in the triple therapy group (25.0% vs 6.3%). Conclusions: The triple combination of TACE, regorafenib, and PD-1 inhibitors demonstrated superior clinical efficacy compared with TACE-regorafenib dual therapy in advanced HCC patients after targeted therapy failure, with optimal outcomes observed following earlier regorafenib initiation and an acceptable safety profile.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.