Observational studyAfrican health sciences2025
Assessment of pain intensity using summed pain intensity difference (SPID) in orthopedic operative patients.
Observational study in African health sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Work in progress on infections, reproductive sexual health, education and non-communicable diseases.African health sciences · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Effective postoperative pain management in orthopaedics is challenging, with conventional tools lacking time-adjusted assessment. The Summed Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) scale, quantifying cumulative pain reduction, requires clinical validation. Objectives: This study assessed SPID's utility in evaluating postoperative pain management efficacy, correlating it with patient outcomes, analgesic use, and recovery. Primary outcomes included 48-hour SPID scores; secondary outcomes were satisfaction, analgesics, and hospitalization duration. Methods: A prospective observational study included 148 orthopaedic patients over six months. Sociodemographic, surgical, and analgesic data were collected. Pain intensity (Numerical Rating Scale, NRS) was measured preoperatively and at 0-48 hours postoperatively. SPID (maximum: 144) was calculated as cumulative NRS differences from baseline, adjusted for time. Statistical analyses included descriptive/inferential tests (p<0.05). Results: Mean SPID was 72 (50% of maximum), indicating moderate pain relief. Spinal/epidural anesthesia (44.4%/31.9%) reduced postoperative NRS (moderate: 6.84±0.36; severe:8.44±0.76) versus general anesthesia. Comorbidities (hypertension/diabetes) correlated with higher baseline pain (NRS:8.44±0.76). NSAIDs/opioids improved SPID by 50%. Hospitalization averaged 6.5 days, shorter with SPID≥50% (p<0.05). Overall satisfaction was 67.5%, correlating with SPID (r=0.45,p<0.01). Conclusions: SPID demonstrated validity as a time-adjusted tool, aligning with patient satisfaction and recovery metrics. Its integration can standardize pain assessment in orthopaedic care, particularly in resource-limited settings.
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