ArticleJSES reviews, reports, and techniques2025
Zero vs. 30: a diagnostic manual muscle testing technique for detecting full- or partial-thickness supraspinatus muscle tears.
Article in JSES reviews, reports, and techniques, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Rotator cuff tears (RCTs), either full-thickness (FT) or partial-thickness (PT), are a common pathology encountered in clinical practice. Magnetic resonance imaging is the imaging modality of choice to evaluate rotator cuff pathology but can lead to overdiagnosis. A thorough physical examination is necessary, supplemented by an magnetic resonance imaging to confirm diagnosis. This study describes an empty can (EC) test with scaption at 0°. Our hypothesis that this method has a higher diagnostic value compared to the conventional EC test in diagnosis of RCTs. Methods: A retrospective review of evaluation of patients presenting with rotator cuff symptoms by a single fellowship-trained surgeon was done. A total of 117 shoulders presenting between August 2020 and March 2021 were included. Using the standard Medical Research Council Manual Muscle Testing scale, EC test was graded at 0° and 30° scaption. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy were calculated for the EC test at scaption 0° and 30°. Results: For FT-RCT, sensitivity and specificity were 88.9% and 24.7% for EC-scaption 0°, and 38.9% and 62.9% for EC-scaption at 30°. For PT-RCT, sensitivity and specificity were 82.5% and 23.5% for EC-scaption 0°, and 38.6% and 63.2% for EC-scaption 30°. For either thickness, sensitivity and specificity were 92.5% and 59.4% for EC-scaption 0°, and 47.3% and 90.6% for EC-scaption 0°. Conclusion: This study highlights that the EC at 0° scaption is more sensitive compared to the EC at 30° scaption for diagnosing RCTs. The EC test at 0° scapular plane shows higher sensitivity and overall accuracy than EC at 30° scaption for FT-RCTs and/or PT-RCTs.
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