ArticleOncology research2025
Diverse PD-1, CD163, and FOXP3 Profiles in Primary and Metastatic Microenvironments of Prostate Cancer.
Article in Oncology research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Tumor innervation and mitochondrial transfer in the cancer pathogenesis: perspectives on genitourinary malignancies.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in prostate cancer progression and may differ across metastatic sites. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the primary and metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment. Methods: A total of 27 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples derived from 17 patients diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma, including the primary tumors, and the corresponding metastatic lymphatic and hematogenous lesions from various anatomical sites. Immunohistochemical labeling was performed using antibodies against Cluster of Differentiation 3 epsilon chain (CD3e), CD8 alpha chain (CD8a), Cluster of Differentiation 68 (CD68), Cluster of Differentiation 163 (CD163), Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3), Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and Marker of proliferation Ki-67 (Ki-67). Comparisons were made between primary and metastatic tumors to assess differences in immune cell infiltration, checkpoint expression, and proliferative indices. Results: Samples were classified into three groups: Primary Tumor n = 12, Lymphatic Metastasis n = 7, and Hematogenous Metastasis n = 10. FOXP3 ( Conclusion: Diverse PD-1, CD163, and FOXP3 profiles were observed in primary and metastatic microenvironments of prostate cancer. These findings may contribute to the development of personalized therapeutic strategies and novel prognostic tools beyond conventional histological and TNM staging.
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