ArticleCureus2025
Evaluation of In Vitro Biofilm Formation of Leptospira Isolates From Human Samples at Four Different Time Frames.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionBiofilm is a group of bacterial cells that are formed through a complex network of intracellular communication, which gives new properties to those organisms, like increased protection and resistance to antimicrobial agents, and decreases the effectiveness of host immune responses. Detection of biofilm and evaluation of biofilm production at different time frames are important parameters for antimicrobial resistance, with no or delayed improvement in patient outcomes even after prolonged antimicrobial therapy. MATERIAL AND
methodThis was an experimental research using 33 human
resultThe biofilm optical density (OD) remained relatively low and stable on Day 5 (0.0703) and Day 7 (0.0674), with overlapping 95% Cls, suggesting no significant difference between these two time points. However, a marked increase was observed by Day 14, where the OD rose to 0.1189 (95%CI: 0.0986-0.1391), indicating a significant accumulation of biofilm. This upward trend continued through Day 21, with the highest mean OD recorded at 0.1826 (95% CI: 0.1596-0.2055). The widening confidence intervals on Days 14 and 21 reflect increased variability at later stages.
conclusionHuman
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