Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41178940›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025

Characterization and discrimination of milk volatiles from donkey fed different roughages using GC-IMS.

Xinyi Du, Yan Zhao, Lu Ding, Fei Huang, Wei Ren, Zongjie Ma, Mingxia Zhu, Guiqin Liu, Muhammad Zahoor Khan, Changfa Wang and 2 more

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Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xinyi DuSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Yan ZhaoSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Lu DingSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Fei HuangSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Wei RenSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Zongjie MaSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Mingxia ZhuSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Guiqin LiuSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Muhammad Zahoor KhanSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Changfa WangSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Miaomiao ZhouSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Mengmeng LiSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The flavor is one of the important qualities of milk, which the effect of roughage on the composition of volatile compounds (VOCs) in donkey milk is unclear. Methods: This study comprehensively analyzed the VOCs of milk from donkeys fed with corn straw (G1), wheat hulls (G2), or wheat straw (G3) using GC-lMS combined with multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 43 VOCs were identified in donkey milk including 27.91% esters, 25.58% ketones, 18.60% aldehydes, and 16.28% alcohols. The levels of esters and aldehydes were significantly higher in the G1 group than in the G2 and G3 groups, whereas the opposite was true for alkenes. The 13 VOCs with relative odor activity value >1 were the major characteristic flavor compounds of donkey milk, mainly thiocyanic acid methyl ester, acetic acid ethyl ester, and hexanal. The VOCs in the milk from donkeys fed with corn straw (G1), wheat hulls (G2), or wheat straw (G3) were well differentiated using two-dimensional, difference, three dimensional spectra, and fingerprint gallery plots. A total of 23 different VOCs were identified as potential markers to distinguish the milk of donkeys fed with different roughage, including 2-acetylpyrrole, benzaldehyde-dimer, and hexanal-monomer. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the VOCs in donkey milk are influenced by different roughage fed to donkeys and provided a theoretical basis for the regulation of VOCs in donkey milk by roughages.

Indexed as

donkey milkdonkeysGC-IMSroughagesvolatile compounds

Identifiers

PMID41178940
PMCPMC12576039

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