SynthesisPhysiological reports2025
Sex differences in human skeletal muscle fiber types and the influence of age, physical activity, and muscle group: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Physiological reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of acute caffeine supplementation on physical, physiological, and sport-specific performance in female volleyball players: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence on the acute effects of caffeine on sport-specific skills, physical performance, and physiological function in female basketball players.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Sex differences in human skeletal muscle fiber types and the influence of age, physical activity, and muscle group: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Physiological reports · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in climbing endurance emerge from combined physiological adaptation and neural strategies.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- The hallmarks of skeletal muscle health.Nature metabolism · 2026Review
- Unilateral Balance, Muscular Strength, Foot Arch Status, and Physical Performance in Young Adults with and Without Low Back Pain.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- One half of the sprinting coin: the oxygen transport cascade of a 91-yr-old female world-record sprinter.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2026Article
- The interactive effects of biological sex and skeletal muscle fiber properties on knee-extensor muscle relaxation induced by TMS in unfatigued and fatigued states.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Skeletal Fiber Type in Muscle Pain and Dysfunction.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Insights into Neuromuscular Function in Older Adults from Functional Data Analysis of Time-Dependent Handgrip Strength Curves.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Myosteatosis: an emerging biomarker of aging.Frontiers in aging · 2026Review
- Body composition components associated with sex differences in resting metabolic rate among Japanese athletes.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Sex-dependent dynamic changes in pectoral muscle properties and gut microbiota composition in Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chickens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Influence of biological sex and training history on force production and its variability in humans.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Limb composition: implications for the determination of arterial occlusion pressure.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To understand the sex differences in human skeletal muscle fibers, we determined whether sex differences in fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), fiber type distribution, and proportional area remained after controlling for age, physical activity level, muscle group, and analysis technique. Meta-analysis was performed on 6222 unique participants (Males, M = 3501; Females, F = 2721) (>18 years and free of disease) extracted from 156 studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to determine the main effect of sex, and subgroup analyses were performed to determine the influence of age, physical activity level, muscle group biopsied, and analysis technique. Males had greater type I CSA (M = 4936 ± 1250 μm
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.