Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41177808›Full record

ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2025

Healthcare Workers From Two Sites in China in 2018-2019 Unlikely to Receive and Recommend Influenza Vaccination: A Qualitative Study Following a Quantitative Analysis to Improve Future Interventions.

Jing Fan, Ran Zhang, Qianyue Zhang, Shu Cong, Ying Song, W William Schluter, Suizan Zhou, Xuping Song, Wenjing Wang, Liwen Fang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jing FanNational Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2576-9302
Ran ZhangCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Qianyue ZhangSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Shu CongNational Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Ying SongCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
W William SchluterCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Suizan ZhouCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Xuping SongNational Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Wenjing WangNational Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Liwen FangNational Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

Funding

United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 6 NU2GGH000961-05-02
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe proportion of healthcare workers (HCWs) who receive and recommend seasonal influenza vaccination to their patients remains low in China. This study aims to understand why HCWs infrequently use and recommend the influenza vaccine and how to improve utilization.

methodsA cross-sectional questionnaire survey and a focus group interview were conducted among primary HCWs in Hubei Province in September 2018 and May 2019. We analyzed qualitative data using descriptive methods and a general inductive approach following a quantitative analysis. In addition, we used the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework to summarize predictors of HCW vaccination and recommendation.

resultsPrimary HCWs acquired basic knowledge about influenza infection and vaccination and were less likely to receive and recommend influenza vaccination. However, from the focus group, HCWs reported influenza was a mild disease and would not recommend vaccination for patients who looked healthy. HCWs raised concerns about adverse events, cost-effectiveness, and contraindications to influenza vaccination. HCWs reported, "I would be more likely to recommend vaccination if my employer required that I do so."

conclusionsHealth education materials for HCWs could be improved by providing scientific evidence on the burden of influenza disease, the benefits of vaccination, and national and international policies on influenza vaccination. In addition, interventions that may improve influenza vaccination coverage include workplace requirements for influenza vaccination of HCWs and requirements for HCWs to recommend influenza vaccination to high-risk groups in addition to providing no-cost and on-site vaccination.

Indexed as

Health PersonnelInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesVaccinationAdultAttitude of Health PersonnelChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFocus GroupsHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSurveys and QuestionnairesInfluenza Vaccineshealthcare workerinfluenza vaccinationrecommendation

Identifiers

PMID41177808
PMCPMC12580223

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.