ArticleKorean journal of family medicine2026
Exploring insulin rejection through photo-elicitation among informal caregivers and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Korean journal of family medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Good glucose control is an indicator of treatment adherence and insulin therapy. However, insulin rejection has become an increasingly concerning phenomenon and is underdiscussed in health modules. The effects of incomplete exploration and suboptimal analysis requirements have led to the problem of insulin rejection, which needs to be identified by considering the broader perceptions of informal caregivers and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Photo-elicitation, a technique that combines images and interviews, has gained traction for in-depth exploration. This study aimed to explore insulin rejection using photo-elicitation in this population. Methods: This study employed a qualitative phenomenological design. The photo-elicitation interview involved ten photographs, which were taken and discussed narratively. This involved 10 families of informal caregivers and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus between 20 and 60 years of age as purposive sampling at the Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu. Glycated hemoglobin levels (%) were between 6.3% and 14.8% in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atlas.ti version 25 and an Excel spreadsheet were used to analyze qualitative data through thematic analysis based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Results: Four main themes were revealed: (1) financial challenges, (2) public stigma related to insulin therapy, (3) improving self-efficacy for self-action, and (4) improving glycemic levels for quality of life. Conclusion: Photo-elicitation successfully explored trends in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in this population. This study provides insights into the use of needs analyses to create more engaging experiences when designing comprehensive evidence- and need-based interventions.
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