ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2025
Caregiver Burden and Psychological Distress in Parents of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Mediating Roles of Rumination and Hopelessness.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeCaregiver burden and psychological distress have been found to have well established links in caretaker literature; however, the underlying mechanisms between them have been less frequently studied. This study aims to examine one such pathway between caregiver burden and psychological distress, through the mediating roles of rumination and hopelessness.
methodA total of 143 parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Pakistan were interviewed using the Zarit Burden interview, short version Ruminative Responses Scale, State-Trait Hopelessness Scale and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Pearson Product Moment and Hayes Process Macro Model 6 was employed to analyze correlational and mediation effects.
resultsResults indicated significant associations between study variables and the mediation analysis results showed caregiver burden to have a significant direct effect on psychological distress. Rumination did not directly mediate the association between caregiver burden and psychological distress, however, rumination and hopelessness significantly mediated the association between caregiver burden and psychological distress experienced.
conclusionThis study suggests significant associations between caregiver burden, rumination, hopelessness, and psychological distress and has important implications for future longitudinal research and interventions targeting distressed parents in Pakistan. Such findings may help clinicians consider rumination and state of hopelessness as risk factors while assessing psychological distress in the context of caregiving burden and may inform the design of preventive interventions targeting faulty cognitive patterns to manage ruminating and hopeless thoughts to potentially reduce psychological distress.
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