ArticleMikrochimica acta2025
Facile and label-free electrochemical detection of myasthenia gravis-associated AChR antibodies using a laser-induced graphene immunoplatform.
Article in Mikrochimica acta, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness that can severely impact patient quality of life and may lead to life-threatening complications if not diagnosed in a timely manner. Traditional serological diagnostic methods are often complex, time-consuming, and less accessible. To address these limitations, we developed a novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor. It uses laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes co-functionalized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe₂O₄) for the rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of MG-related acetylcholine receptors (AChR) antibodies. Comprehensive characterization by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the successful fabrication and structural integrity of the sensor. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements revealed a broad linear detection range (10 pg/mL to 100 µg/mL) and an ultra-low detection limit of 10 pg/mL. The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity, reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. Recovery studies with human serum yielded high recoveries (90%-110%) with low relative standard deviation (RSD) (0.277%-0.482%). Furthermore, preliminary clinical testing showed the immunosensor could reliably distinguish MG patient samples from healthy controls, supporting its practical diagnostic utility. Overall, these results highlight the sensor's strong potential as a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective tool for MG diagnosis in clinical and point-of-care applications.
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