ArticleBMC veterinary research2025
Anesthetic and analgesic management of Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea) undergoing experimental stereotaxic neurosurgery.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStereotaxic neurosurgery in animal models has become a prominent experimental technique in many areas of science and research. These approaches, however, require advanced surgical skills, meticulous anesthetic protocols, and thorough analgesic management to ensure scientific accuracy and animal welfare. The specialized anatomy and physiology of birds, combined with high interspecies variability, make the use of anesthetics, analgesics, and other medications particularly challenging, especially in the absence of well-established guidelines. Here, we present an anesthetic-analgesic protocol developed for stereotaxic neurosurgery for neuronal tracer injection in Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea).
results6 Svalbard rock ptarmigan underwent stereotaxic neurosurgery and a multimodal anesthetic-analgesic approach was developed, including isoflurane (inhalation, induced with 3-5%, maintained with 1-3%), bupivacaine (2 mg/kg s.c. during anaesthesia, preoperatively), buprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg i.m. during anaesthesia, both preoperatively and postoperatively), and meloxicam (0.4 mg/kg i.m. during anaesthesia, postoperatively, followed by 0.4 mg/kg p.o. q24h until euthanasia on day 7). Birds were monitored during surgery for vital signs. Post-mortem analysis was performed to confirm neuronal tracer placement. The multimodal anesthetic-analgesic protocol was effective, with minimal signs of postoperative pain based on regular observations using a customized pain-assessment chart. Vital parameters remained largely within expected ranges, with minor deviations in respiratory rate and temperature. Injections missed the hypothalamic target by 0.5-2 mm, typically landing in the septal region due to interindividual anatomical variation.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of stereotaxic neurosurgery in Svalbard rock ptarmigan by employing rigorous perioperative monitoring and a carefully tailored anesthetic-analgesic regimen. These results provide valuable guidance for future experimental procedures, improving both animal welfare and the reliability of neurosurgical research techniques in avian species.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.