ArticleCardiovascular and interventional radiology2026
Injectable Multifunctional Hydrogel Consisted of Ultrasonic Marker and Immune Adjust Agent in Liver Tumor Ablation: Animal Experiment's Study.
Article in Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A 25-Year Review of the Use of Silanized Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Review
- Exploring the molecular mechanism of dexmedetomidine in alleviating blood-brain barrier disruption in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury based on network pharmacology.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeA simple and real-time method for the direct and precise identification of safety margins is needed in ultrasound (US)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Additionally, modulation of the post-ablation immunosuppressive microenvironment is required. The aim of this study was to develop an injectable, ultrasound-visible and immunoregulatory hydrogel for ultrasonic monitoring and adjuvant immune regulation in liver tumor ablation.
methodsThe experiment was performed in 2 steps. Step 1-The US visibility and stability of the markers were evaluated in vitro in bovine livers, followed by in vivo animal test in beagles. Step 2-Evaluation of the antitumoral effect after RFA of the specific US marker F127-MB@MSA-2, which has immunomodulating properties, in murine in vivo animal tumor models.
resultsIn step 1, 24 candidate materials were tested for ultrasound visualization in bovine liver. Among these, air, 5 mm metal stick, Pluronic F127 hydrogel microbubbles (F127-MB), polyglycolic acid (PGA) absorbable sutures, ultrasonic couplant, and calcium alginate demonstrated clear ultrasonic visibility and enduring stability in vitro and in vivo. In step 2, the antitumoral effect of F127-MB@MSA-2 after incomplete RFA was demonstrated in murine H22 and CT26 tumor models. Tumor Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining revealed that F127-MB@MSA-2 gel reduced the infiltration of tumor-promoting cells, while it increased the proportion of CD8
conclusionUsing animal models, we demonstrated the feasibility of US-guided administration of the multifunctional gel (F127-MB@MSA-2) prior to RFA, which helped to accurately ablate tumors and increase the anti-tumor effect.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41174321What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.