Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41174142›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Study on pistachio shell filled PLA composites for FDM-based processing.

S Rashia Begum, B Aditya Devan, S Kavya, H Pranav, R Rakul, M Vasumathi, P Senthamaraikannan, Adeolu A Adediran, M Saravana Kumar

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

S Rashia BegumDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, 600025, Tamilnadu, India.
B Aditya DevanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, 600025, Tamilnadu, India.
S KavyaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, 600025, Tamilnadu, India.
H PranavDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, 600025, Tamilnadu, India.
R RakulDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, 600025, Tamilnadu, India.
M VasumathiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, 600025, Tamilnadu, India.
P SenthamaraikannanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Alliance School of Applied Engineering, Alliance University, Bengaluru, 562106, Karnataka, India.
Adeolu A AdediranDepartment of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria. dladesoji@gmail.com.
M Saravana KumarGraduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan. saravana312@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this research, Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Pistachio shell particles (PSP) composite filaments were developed using a single screw extruder for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. Alkali and silane treatments were applied to PSP to enhance bonding between the filler particles and the PLA matrix. FTIR analysis indicated the removal of lignin and hemicellulose from the PSP surface and formation of siloxane bonds due to the chemical treatments. XRD analysis indicated reduced crystalline organization due to treated PSP incorporation. Despite slight decreases in tensile, compressive, and flexural strengths, PSP addition improved tensile modulus and matrix stiffness. When comparing 2%, 4%, and 6% PSP additions, the 4-wt% composite demonstrated the highest tensile strength (49.81 MPa), which can be attributed to the improved dispersion of PSP particles as confirmed by SEM images. In contrast, the 6-wt% composite exhibited the maximum compressive strength (43.06 MPa) and flexural strength (58.06 MPa), likely due to the higher filler loading providing greater resistance to deformation. Hardness and impact resistance also showed steady improvement with increasing PSP content. However, the inclusion of treated PSP reduced the wettability of the PLA matrix. Interestingly, the 4-wt% composite recorded the highest Melt Flow Index (12.80 g/10 min), suggesting enhanced processability. Taken together, the 4-wt% composite with uniformly dispersed PSP offered the best balance of mechanical and thermal properties.

Indexed as

3D printingContact angleFilamentPistachioPLA

Identifiers

PMID41174142
PMCPMC12579236

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.