ArticleVeterinary research communications2025
Transthoracic echocardiography and hemodynamic effects of isoflurane in dexmedetomidine-ketamine-immobilized free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris).
Article in Veterinary research communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study reports transthoracic echocardiographic values and hemodynamic responses to isoflurane anesthesia in adult immobilized capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Animals (median weight: 52.1 kg; range: 35–67 kg) were immobilized with intramuscular dexmedetomidine (7 µg/kg) and ketamine (6 mg/kg) (n = 20), followed by induction with intravenous propofol (2 mg/kg) for inhalant anesthesia (n = 15). Echocardiographic and cardiovascular variables were assessed 40 min after immobilization (TIMMO), and during 20-minute exposures to 0.7% (TISO−0.7) and 0.9% (TISO−0.9) end-expired isoflurane. Cardiac imaging followed small animal echocardiographic guidelines. Time point comparisons used ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test or Friedman’s test with Dunn’s post hoc (p < 0.05). Trivial mitral valve insufficiencies were common during both restraint (65%) and anesthesia (60%). Isoflurane reduced MAP by 29 ± 12% at TISO−0.7 and 30 ± 13% at TISO−0.9 (p ≤ 0.001), with hypotension (MAP < 60 mmHg) observed in 3/15 animals at 0.9% end-expired isoflurane. Heart rate dropped at TISO−0.9 (61 [49–63] beats/minute) compared to TISO−0.7 (65 [56–68] beats/minute) (p = 0.042) and TIMMO (74 [66–79] beats/minute) (p < 0.001). Cardiac index differed across all time points (p = 0.003 to 0.024), from highest at TIMMO (56.4 ± 15.3 mL/kg/minute) to lowest at TISO−0.9 (42.6 ± 9.7 mL/kg/minute). Peak velocities of aortic and pulmonary blood flow also decreased at TISO−0.7 and TISO−0.9, while late diastolic transmitral flow decreased only at TISO−0.9. Cardiac structure and function can be assessed in capybaras using standard transthoracic echocardiography, with isoflurane-related cardiovascular depression evident below FE’Iso 1.0% after dexmedetomidine-ketamine immobilization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41174135What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.