Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41174076›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Oral health, smoking status, and oral manifestations of adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron outbreak in China: a cross-sectional study.

Huan Zhang, Zhixia Zhang, Lingxia Liu, Xinyao Wang, Ru Xue, Yixin Wang, Ling Fan, Xiuru Tian, Yujin Zhang, Rui Liu

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Huan ZhangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nursing Department, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
Zhixia ZhangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Outpatient Department, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
Lingxia LiuState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
Xinyao WangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
Ru XueState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
Yixin WangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nursing Department, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
Ling FanState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nursing Department, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
Xiuru TianState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
Yujin ZhangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nursing Department, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
Rui LiuState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nursing Department, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China. fem-lr@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The incidence of oral manifestations is positively correlated with the severity of COVID-19. The Omicron is the most significant variant of SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to explore oral manifestations of adult patients during the Omicron outbreak and the relationship between oral health care, smoking and oral manifestations. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2023 by the online platform Wenjuanxing to collect data. Univariate and multivariate logistics regression models were used to analyze influencing factors of oral manifestations. The study included 1153 adult patients. Oral manifestations were reported at 38.6%, followed by dysgeusia (38.3%), dry mouth (28.0%), halitosis (6.6%), and oral ulcers (5.4%). Previous periodontal diseases increased the risk of halitosis, but reduced the risk of dysgeusia; previous oral mucosal diseases increased the risk of dysgeusia, halitosis and oral ulcers. E-cigarette users were at a higher risk of halitosis. Exposure to secondhand smoke(SHS) reduced the risk of oral ulcers, patients who neither smoked nor was exposed had lower odds of oral ulcers and dysgeusia. This study focused on Omicron-specific oral manifestations and the effects of oral health behaviors, e-cigarettes and SHS. It is recommended to promote targeted oral hygiene campaigns and smoking cessation plans to reduce oral lesions caused by sudden public health emergencies.

Indexed as

COVID-19Mouth DiseasesOral HealthSmokingAdultAgedChinaCross-Sectional StudiesDisease OutbreaksFemaleHalitosisHumansMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsSARS-CoV-2COVID-19E-cigarette vaporOmicronOral manifestationsSARS-CoV-2Secondhand smoke

Identifiers

PMID41174076
PMCPMC12578885

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.