ArticleScientific reports2025
Immunomodulatory vaccine demonstrates therapeutic efficacy across cancer types.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Immune modulatory vaccines targeting tumor microenvironment antigens: recent advances in oncology and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment (TME) profoundly inhibits anti-tumor immunity, presenting a formidable challenge in cancer therapeutics. Despite this recognized obstacle, multi-targeted immunomodulatory strategies remain elusive. Here we developed a novel mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine designed to reprogram key cellular mediators of immune suppression within the TME, including C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), Galectin-3, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), and arginase 1 (ARG1). This immunomodulatory vaccine was evaluated in a cohort of canines with spontaneous neoplasms, encompassing adrenal, hepatic, perianal, vulvar, and pulmonary malignancies. The vaccine demonstrated good tolerability, with only mild adverse events (Grade 1 anorexia, chills, and fatigue) observed in 25% of subjects (2/8). Remarkably, 75% of treated animals (6/8) achieved stable disease, with the median progression-free interval not yet reached a median follow-up of 168 days post-treatment initiation. Two dogs experienced disease progression. The overall disease control rate was 75%. In addition, vaccine administration reversed hematological and biochemical abnormalities and alleviated paraneoplastic syndromes associated with these malignancies. These findings demonstrate that our mRNA-LNP vaccine effectively exerts anti-tumor effects across various cancer types, offering a promising strategy for enhancing anti-tumor immunity in both veterinary and human oncology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.