Advances in clinical and translational research in endodontics: A comprehensive overview.

Clinical and translational research play a decisive role in advancing evidence-based endodontics by bridging basic science with clinical applications. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and advances in clinical and translational research in Endodontics, addressing methodological foundations, diagnostic challenges, and emerging technologies. It highlights the importance of well-designed randomized controlled trials, robust outcome definitions, and the inclusion of patient-reported outcome measures. The integration of advanced imaging, particularly cone-beam computed tomography, has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment monitoring. Molecular biology techniques, including polymerase chain reaction and biomarker profiling, have expanded the understanding of endodontic microbiome, immune responses, and host factors related to treatment outcomes. Despite these advances, persistent limitations include diagnostic imprecision, lack of standardized criteria, and underutilization of biomarkers and omics data in clinical practice. The rise of precision dentistry, propelled by genomics, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence, holds the potential to revolutionize endodontic care through personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Bridging existing gaps will require rigorous study designs, coordinated multicenter efforts, and the effective integration of molecular diagnostics, all of which are critical to advancing endodontic science and optimizing patient outcomes. Likewise, the full potential of translational science can be harnessed to reshape the future of endodontics.