ArticleJornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia2025
Treatment completion and challenges in rolling out 12-dose weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid to prevent tuberculosis among people living with HIV and pediatric household contacts in Brazil.
Article in Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Scaling Up Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment in the Brazilian Amazon (2016-2024): a Programmatic Report on Multi-sector Integration in Surveillance, Health Services and Academia.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2026Article
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15 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveIn July of 2021, the Brazilian National Ministry of Health integrated three months of once-weekly isoniazid plus rifapentine (3HP) into the National Guidelines for Tuberculosis Control as a first-line tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) option for people living with HIV (PLHIV) and tuberculosis household contacts (HHCs). As part of the Unitaid-sponsored Increasing Market and Public Health Outcomes through Scaling up Affordable Access Models of Short Course Preventive Therapy for TB project to implement short-course TPT, we evaluated 3HP uptake, completion, and tolerability among PLHIV and pediatric HHCs in Brazil.
methodsWe conducted a multicenter single-arm pragmatic project to roll out 3HP for PLHIV and HHCs in the 2- to 14-year age bracket in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Manaus, Brazil. Participants were identified, treated, and monitored in accordance with Brazilian national tuberculosis guidelines. De-identified patient-level data on treatment initiation, adverse events, and completion were collected and analyzed.
resultsFrom October of 2021 to March of 2023, 380 PLHIV (77.6% of whom were male; median age, 40 years [IQR, 31-51]) and 74 HHCs (54.1% of whom were male; median age, 8.6 years [IQR, 5.1-11.8]) were enrolled in the study. Treatment completion rates were 83.7% among PLHIV and 82.4% among HHCs. Completion rates were higher in Rio de Janeiro than in Manaus (PLHIV: 86.0% vs. 79.6%; HHCs: 85.2% vs. 80.9%), although completion of 10 doses was similar (PLHIV: 86.4% vs. 86.1%). Adverse event-related discontinuation was low (PLHIV: 2.4%; HHCs: 2.7%). One person living with HIV developed active tuberculosis during treatment. At six months of follow-up, 99.6% of the PLHIV remained free of tuberculosis.
conclusionsThe 3HP regimen was successfully introduced, had high treatment completion rates, and was well tolerated. Widespread use of 3HP for TPT may accelerate tuberculosis elimination in Brazil.
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