ArticleRevista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical2025
Trypanosoma cruzi (DTU TcI) in a fatal case of meningoencephalitis due to Chagas disease reactivation in a patient coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus: case report.
Article in Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Linking Physiology and Inflammation in Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
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11 authors.
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Abstract
The reactivation of Chagas disease (RCD) by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with high mortality and is a relevant public health problem in areas endemic for the causative agent of CD, Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Here, we report a fatal case of meningoencephalitis caused by RCD involving the discrete typing unit (DTU) of T. cruzi I (TcI) in an HIV-coinfected patient from Paraná, Brazil. Based on computed tomography findings, a 55-year-old man initially underwent empirical treatment for neurotoxoplasmosis. However, Giemsa-stained cerebrospinal fluid and blood smears revealed T. cruzi trypomastigotes on direct microscopic examination. Protozoa were detected by fresh blood examination and blood culture. Additionally, anti-T. cruzi immunoglobulin G antibodies were detected in serum using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Blood culture sequencing of cytochrome oxidase II confirmed the DTU TcI infection. Benznidazole therapy was administered for 76 d; however, the patient showed no clinical improvement and died nearly 7 months after hospital admission. The fatal outcome was likely related to delayed diagnosis and treatment, severe immunosuppression (CD4 = 39 cells/mm³), high viral load (94,638 copies/mL), and the involvement of TcI, which has been consistently associated with fatal RCD-related meningoencephalitis.
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