Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41172352›Full record

ArticleJMIR research protocols2025

Hasnawati Amqam, Anna Khuzaimah, Ulfah Najamuddin, Mardiana Ahmad, Muflihatul Muniroh, Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti, Saliza Mohd Elias

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR research protocols, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hasnawati Amqam *Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10. Tamalanrea, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia, 62 08114630476.ORCID 0000-0003-4961-8517
Anna Khuzaimah *Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.ORCID 0009-0006-2729-643X
Ulfah Najamuddin *Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0003-0460-4218
Mardiana Ahmad *Department of Midwifery, School of Postgraduate, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-0798-0457
Muflihatul Muniroh *Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0003-0020-6722
Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti *Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-4813-5356
Saliza Mohd Elias *Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical and Sains Faculty, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-6863-8647

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Heavy metals present in the environment, including lead, cadmium, and mercury, pose significant health risks to pregnant women and fetal development through food, water, and air contamination. Exposure to these metals has been linked to miscarriage, low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, and developmental issues in children. The mechanism of oxidative stress, characterized by increased 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, contributes to DNA damage, genomic instability, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, DNA methylation changes induced by metal exposure may further exacerbate these risks. Certain micronutrients play a crucial role in heavy metal detoxification, and Moringa oleifera, a locally available plant rich in antioxidants and chelating compounds, has demonstrated protective effects against mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) toxicity in experimental studies. However, intervention studies on pregnant women remain scarce. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of M. oleifera supplementation in reducing heavy metal toxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers, 8-OHdG and MDA, in pregnant women exposed to high levels of heavy metals. Methods: A quasi-experimental, nonrandomized pre-post test design is used. Pregnant women with elevated heavy metal levels, identified through initial screening, will be included in the intervention group, receiving M. oleifera supplementation for 2 months. The control group will consist of women from similar geographical regions who will not receive the intervention. Primary outcomes will include changes in heavy metal concentrations, measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Secondary outcomes will focus on reductions in oxidative stress biomarkers, measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses, including analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), will be used to adjust for baseline differences between the groups. Results: A total of 26 mothers for each group have participated. As of February 2025, the laboratory analyses have been ongoing, and the result is expected to be published at the end of 2025. The protocol anticipates that the intervention group will show a significant reduction in both heavy metal levels and oxidative stress biomarkers compared to the control group, suggesting the potential efficacy of M. oleifera in detoxifying heavy metals and reducing oxidative stress. Conclusions: This study is expected to provide preliminary evidence on the potential effectiveness and safety of M. oleifera supplementation for reducing heavy metal toxicity and oxidative stress in pregnant women.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsHeavy Metal PoisoningMetals, HeavyMoringa oleiferaOxidative Stress8-Hydroxy-2'-DeoxyguanosineAdultAntioxidantsBiomarkersFemaleHumansMalondialdehydePregnancy8-Hydroxy-2'-DeoxyguanosineAntioxidantsBiomarkersMalondialdehydeMetals, HeavyantioxidantsdetoxificationDNA damageenvironmental exposurematernal healthmicronutrients

Identifiers

PMID41172352
PMCPMC12578434

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.