SynthesisIrish journal of medical science2025
The potential of soluble programmed cell death-ligand 1 and soluble programmed cell death 1 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Irish journal of medical science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveSoluble programmed cell death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) and soluble programmed cell death 1 (sPD-1) interact to promote tumor immune evasion and play important roles in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, their clinical value in HCC patients remains controversial. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of sPD-L1 or sPD-1 for HCC comprehensively.
methodsA systematic search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to April 2025. Studies comparing sPD-1 or sPD-L1 levels between HCC patients and controls or assessing the associations of sPD-1 or sPD-L1 levels with prognosis in HCC patients were collected.
resultsFourteen studies involving 1420 cases were included. Elevated sPD-L1 levels were observed in HCC patients compared with controls [standardized mean difference (SMD) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 2.655 (0.351, 4.959), P = 0.020]. A high sPD-L1 level was linked to reduced progression-free survival (PFS) [hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI): 2.807 (1.470, 5.361), P = 0.002], and it tended to be related to shortened overall survival (OS) in HCC patients, although the difference was not statistically significant [HR (95% CI): 1.817 (0.923, 3.576), P = 0.080]. Moreover, there was no association between sPD-1 levels and PFS [HR (95% CI): 1.028 (0.511, 2.069), P = 0.940] or OS [HR (95% CI): 1.017 (0.637, 1.624), P = 0.940)] in HCC patients. All included studies were of high quality. No publication bias was observed.
conclusionsPD-L1, but not sPD-1, may be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker that contributes to the management of HCC.
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