Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41171341›Full record

ArticlePediatric cardiology2026

Exploring Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Outcomes Following Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A NEPHRON Study Analysis.

Jiaxin Huang, Huaiyu Zang, Garrett Reichle, Elaine Ku, Natasha Afonso, Aaron G DeWitt, Aparna Kulkarni, Sarah Plummer, Kimberly DiMaria, Jessica Thielen and 3 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jiaxin HuangDivision of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
Huaiyu ZangTigermed-BDM Inc, Somerset, USA.
Garrett ReichleDivision of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, USA.
Elaine KuDivision of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
Natasha AfonsoDivision of Cardiac Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA.
Aaron G DeWittDivision of Cardiac Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.
Aparna KulkarniHeart Center, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, USA.
Sarah PlummerDivision of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, USA.
Kimberly DiMariaHCA HealthOne, Denver, USA.
Jessica ThielenDivision of Cardiac Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA.
David T SelewskiDivision of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
Jeffrey AltenDivision of Cardiac Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA.
Titus ChanDivision of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine and the Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, USA. Titus.Chan@seattlechildrens.org.

Funding

Research Training in Pediatric Critical Care MedicineT32HD049303 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JEFFREY R FINEMAN · 2006 to 2026
$3.1M
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development T32 HD 49303NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD049303
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveRacial and ethnic disparities in neonatal postoperative outcomes are reported, but differences in cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) remain unexamined. We assessed racial/ethnic disparities in CS-AKI prevalence and outcomes in neonates undergoing congenital heart surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Retrospective cohort of neonates across 22 centers (2015-2018) from the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium and the Neonatal and Pediatric Heart and Renal Outcomes Network. MEASUREMENTS: Race/ethnicity (primary predictor) were categorized into eight groups; CS-AKI was defined using neonatal modified Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria as mild (stage 1), severe (≥ stage 2) and persistent (any stage beyond post-operative day [POD] 3). Outcomes included not achieving net negative fluid balance [FB], respiratory support duration, length of stay [LOS], and mortality. Multivariable regression models examining the association between race/ethnicity and outcomes were also constructed.

resultsAmong 2,165 neonates (2% Asian, 18% Hispanic, 1% multi-racial, 0.3% Native American, 14% Non-Hispanic Black (NHB), 59% Non-Hispanic White (NHW), 5% other, and 0.2% Pacific Islander), CS-AKI prevalence (31% mild, 23% severe) did not differ across racial/ethnic groups. NHB neonates had lower birthweight and higher surgical complexity, while NHW neonates had higher private insurance rates. NHB neonates were less likely to not achieve a net negative FB until ≥ POD3 than NHW neonates, but no differences were found in respiratory support duration, hospital LOS, or mortality after multivariate adjustment. Non-white neonates with severe AKI had higher mortality but had similar clinical outcomes.

conclusionsCS-AKI rates did not vary by race/ethnicity. Differences in fluid balance achievement were noted but no significant disparities were found in mortality, mechanical ventilation duration, or hospital LOS.

Indexed as

Acute Kidney InjuryCardiac Surgical ProceduresEthnicityHealthcare DisparitiesHealth Status DisparitiesHeart Defects, CongenitalPostoperative ComplicationsAmerican Indian or Alaska NativeAsianAsian American Native Hawaiian and Pacific IslanderBlack or African AmericanFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansInfant, NewbornLength of StayAcute kidney injuryCardiac surgeryDisparitiesKDIGOLength of stayNeonates

Identifiers

PMID41171341
PMCPMC13102056

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.