ArticleEpilepsia2026
Spike-fast activity interplay: A gateway to seizure.
Article in Epilepsia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe transition from interictal discharges to ictal high-frequency activity (HFA) remains poorly understood. We investigated whether spike-associated high-frequency oscillations (Sp-HFOs) during interictal and preictal periods contribute to the emergence of ictal HFA.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed the interictal to ictal transition in seizures from six patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who underwent stereo-electroencephalography (EEG) and subsequent surgical resection. Various interictal periods preceding seizure onset were selected for comparison. Time-frequency analysis (TFA) was used to characterize Sp-HFOs and ictal HFA. Frequency overlap was measured using the Ideal Fusion (I-Fusion) metric, a novel metric inspired by the F-measure that integrates frequency range overlap and band matching. I-Fusion values range from 0 (no overlap) to 1 (perfect match). Linear regression analyzed changes in I-Fusion values over time, with R
resultsVisual analysis of the time series revealed a preictal phase in all patients, during which brief HFA gradually emerged within spikes (Sp-HFOs), ultimately transitioning into sustained ictal HFA at the same frequency. TFA demonstrated increasing frequency similarity with time between Sp-HFOs and ictal HFA. I-Fusion values and R SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings support a dynamic, frequency-specific evolution from interictal Sp-HFOs to ictal HFA, suggesting that seizure onset is preceded by a gradual preparatory phase rather than an abrupt transformation. The progressive nature and spectral continuity of Sp-HFOs may reflect increasing neuronal synchrony, providing potential early biomarkers for seizure prediction and improved localization of the EZ.
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