Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41170835›Full record

ArticleLab on a chip2025

OpenLM: an open-source pixel super-resolution platform for lens-free microscopy with applications in bacterial growth monitoring and deep learning-based bacterial detection.

Weiming Xu, Samiha Ahmed, Majed Althumayri, Azra Yaprak Tarman, Mert Kerem Ulku, Karston Yong, Muhammed Veli, Hatice Ceylan Koydemir

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Lab on a chip, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Weiming XuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. hckoydemir@tamu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-3008-8539
Samiha AhmedDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. hckoydemir@tamu.edu.
Majed AlthumayriDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. hckoydemir@tamu.edu.ORCID 0009-0009-8804-1491
Azra Yaprak TarmanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. hckoydemir@tamu.edu.
Mert Kerem UlkuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. hckoydemir@tamu.edu.
Karston YongDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. hckoydemir@tamu.edu.ORCID 0009-0001-3105-8032
Muhammed VeliElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. drmveli@gmail.com.
Hatice Ceylan KoydemirDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. hckoydemir@tamu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-8612-5167

Funding

An Integrated Catheter Dressing for Early Detection of Catheter-related Bloodstream InfectionsR21GM150104 · NIGMS · TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY · PI CEYLAN KOYDEMIR, HATICE · 2023 to 2024
$394k
NIGMS NIH HHS R21 GM150104U.S. Department of Defense-Office of Naval Research N00014-23-1-2225U.S. National Science Foundation 1648451
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Monitoring bacterial growth and detecting early-stage colony formation are essential tasks in biomedical research, clinical diagnostics, and food and water safety. However, conventional imaging systems for bacterial monitoring often require bulky optics, skilled operation, and high costs, making them unsuitable for scalable or field-deployable applications. Lens-free microscopy (LM) provides a promising alternative by enabling compact, low-cost imaging systems using only a light source and an image sensor, replacing the need for bulky objective lenses with computational algorithm. Still, a key limitation of LM is its resolution, which is fundamentally constrained by the sensor's pixel size. Pixel super-resolution techniques-especially when combined with multi-angle illumination using LED arrays-can significantly enhance resolution while maintaining a large field of view (FOV). We present OpenLM, an open-source lens-free microscopy platform integrated with a pixel super-resolution algorithm. The system is built from four affordable, off-the-shelf components: a Raspberry Pi camera, an optical filter, an LED array, and a Raspberry Pi board. Its 3D-printed housing enables easy replication and customization. User-friendly graphical interfaces for both Raspberry Pi OS and Windows provide camera control, real-time preview, image acquisition, and reconstruction-without requiring prior experience in lens-free imaging. To demonstrate its utility, we applied OpenLM to two bacterial imaging tasks: (1) long-term, time-lapse imaging of

Indexed as

Deep LearningEscherichia coliMicroscopy

Identifiers

PMID41170835
PMCPMC12576938

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.