ArticleFrontiers in aging2025
The effects of intrinsic foot muscle strengthening interventions for adults over age 65: a randomized controlled trial protocol.
Article in Frontiers in aging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Association Between Self-Perceptions of Ageing and Foot and Lower-Limb Health in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Unintentional falls are the leading cause of injury in adults ≥65 years. While causes of falls are multifactorial, weakness or disuse of the intrinsic foot muscles (IFM) can contribute. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial, using an effectiveness-implementation hybrid design, is to analyze the effects of two IFM strengthening interventions (minimal footwear use or strengthening exercises) on IFM size, proprioception, foot structure, and fall risk in older adults. Adults ages ≥65 years, with fall risk, who can ambulate household distances (with an assistive device as needed), will be invited to participate. Individuals with poor foot sensation, vestibular disorders, lower extremity amputation, lower extremity or lumbar spine injury or surgery in the previous 6 months, impaired cognitive ability to follow verbal and written instructions, and those who have participated in a fall prevention program in the past 6 months will be excluded. Participants will be randomly allocated into three groups: prescribed minimal footwear use, IFM strengthening exercises, or control. Participants will be encouraged to perform their intervention 5 days per week for 16 weeks, and then at least 2 days per week from 17 weeks to 1 year. Participants will be asked to record intervention performance, daily step count, and falls in provided diaries. At baseline, 8 and 16 weeks, and 1 year, participants will undergo measurements of IFM cross-sectional area (CSA, cm
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