ReviewCureus2025
A Systematic Review of the Bidirectional Relationship Between Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Positive association between sex hormones and inflammatory cytokines in trauma-exposed premenopausal women.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The association between poor glycemic control and PTSD in patients with diabetes mellitus in primary healthcare in Palestine.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), though the underlying mechanisms and population-specific risks remain unclear. This systematic review synthesizes current research on the PTSD-T2D link, focusing on biological pathways, behavioral mediators, and demographic disparities. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica database (Embase), PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Eligible studies examined PTSD as a risk factor for T2D or vice versa in adults (≥18 years). Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and assessed bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Cochrane tools. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. PTSD increased T2D risk and was associated with worse glycemic control (e.g., elevated glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)). T2D populations exhibited higher PTSD prevalence (30%-50% in high-trauma groups), particularly among women, refugees, and veterans. Biological mechanisms (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, chronic inflammation) and behavioral factors (sedentary lifestyle, poor adherence) drove the bidirectional relationship. Conflict-affected populations showed heightened vulnerability, with war-displaced individuals facing compounded metabolic and mental health burdens. PTSD and T2D share a complex, bidirectional relationship influenced by neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and behavioral pathways. High-risk groups (e.g., refugees, veterans, and women) may benefit from integrated screening and trauma-informed diabetes care. Future research should prioritize longitudinal designs to clarify causality and evaluate targeted interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.