Peripheral Osteoma of the Maxillary Sinus in a Patient Planned for Sinus Augmentation.

Osteomas are slow-growing benign tumors that almost exclusively occur in the craniofacial region and more often in the ethmoid air cells. When they occasionally occur in the maxillary sinuses, they can interfere with dental procedures like sinus augmentation. This study presents the case of a 59-year-old male patient who was treated for sinus augmentation of the left maxillary sinus. During the treatment planning phase, a peripheral osteoma was identified with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as an incidental finding without any clinical signs or symptoms. The sinus augmentation procedure was accomplished, and the patient underwent follow-up to confirm no changes in the osteoma. Peripheral osteomas of the head and neck region are usually described radiographically as well-defined and well-circumscribed without clinical signs. Their presence can sometimes interfere with dental treatment, complicating the surgical procedure and even compromising results. Due to their benign and slow-growing nature, and based on their location, size, and clinical relevance, they may not require treatment; however, follow-up is recommended. Peripheral osteomas constitute one of the early findings of familial adenomatous polyposis (Gardner syndrome). This rare autosomal dominant disease is characterized by intestinal polyps and extra-intestinal features, like multiple osteomas and soft-tissue tumors. The early detection of such lesions in the maxillofacial region can lead to timely diagnosis and subsequently improve the prognosis of the patient.