ArticleIranian journal of basic medical sciences2025
Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of camel milk exosomes (CM-Exo) in rat models for burn wound healing.
Article in Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Camel Milk and Its Bioactive Components in Diseases Associated with Aging: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Innovative Pathways in Burn Treatment: Exosomes and the New Era of Regenerative Medicine.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Objectives: Camel milk contains proteins with several beneficial characteristics, such as immune-modulating and anti-oxidant effects. Recent research has shown that these benefits are primarily due to extracellular nanovesicles called exosomes. This study aimed to assess the wound-healing capabilities of camel milk exosomes (CM-Exo). Materials and Methods: CM-Exo was extracted, and its size and morphology were examined using DLS, TEM, and SEM. The anti-oxidant properties were assessed using a spectrophotometric (DPPH, FRAP) assay. The MTT test was used to evaluate the viability of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) after exposure to high concentrations (HCM-Exo) and low concentrations (LCM-Exo) of milk-Exo. Additionally, a scratch assay analyzed wound closure rate, and the expression of wound healing-associated genes (IL-6 and VEGF-A) was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. We also assessed the healing effects of a topical HCM-Exo ointment on burn-induced rat wounds over 14 days. Results: DLS, TEM, and SEM analyses showed that CM-Exo had an average size of >100 nm with a characteristic spherical shape. The average anti-oxidant activity, as measured by DPPH and FRAP assays, was higher in the HCM-Exo group compared to the LCM-Exo group. HCM-Exo and LCM-Exo enhanced the viability of HDFs, leading to quicker wound closure in an in vitro model. We found an up-regulation of essential wound healing-related genes (IL-6 and VEGF-A) indicative of an ameliorated healing effect. Evaluation of lesion size and histological data indicated a significant reduction in lesion size in the HCM-Exo and 1% silver sulfadiazine cream (Exo+SS) group compared to both the 1% silver sulfadiazine (SS) group and the negative control (Ctrl) group across days 0, 3, 7, and 14. Conclusion: Our study concluded that HCM-Exo significantly accelerated wound healing and reduced inflammatory reactions.
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