ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor alpha content in the retina of male Wistar rats in experimental diabetic retinopathy and the effect of cellular protein kinase blockade.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Retinal Outcomes in Diabetes: Antihyperglycemic Therapy, EWDR, and Perioperative Considerations.Biomedicines · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Hypoxia-driven overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is central to diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis. The use of cellular protein kinase inhibitors is a promising approach for correcting pathological changes in DR. Objective: To determine the effect of pharmacological blockade of cellular protein kinases with sorafenib on the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in the retina in experimental diabetic retinopathy. Material and methods: Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in male rats by administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Animals were divided into three groups: in group 1 (n=15) rapid-acting insulin at a dose of 30 U was injected intraperitoneally, in group 2 (n=15) insulin was combined with sorafenib ( Results: Under the conditions of experimental DR, the content of VEGF in retinal tissues increased significantly and after 3 months of observation increased 6,8-fold for the dimeric form and 27.1-fold for the monomeric form (p<0,05) compared to intact animals. Under the same conditions, the level of HIF-1α was also significantly increased (39.6-fold; p<0.05). When insulin was administered, the content of VEGF fractions in the retina decreased by an average of 1,4-1,5 times (p<0,05), and the heterogeneity of the response to its administration was observed. The use of sorafenib with insulin in all cases blocked the increase in VEGF content caused by DR. Insulin administration reduced HIF-1α levels by 1,4-fold (p<0,05) compared to the control, whereas combined sorafenib and insulin treatment reduced HIF-1α expression to undetectable levels. Immunohistochemical examination revealed a progressive increase in the intensity of VEGF-positive staining in the retina during experimental DR, as well as the development of its degenerative changes - edema, ischemia, pathological angiogenesis, neurodegeneration, and disruption of retinal layer organization. The use of insulin did not cause changes in the retinal pattern, whereas the combined use of sorafenib and insulin prevented the development of both morphological signs of DR and an increase in the intensity of VEGF-positive staining. Conclusion: The significance of VEGF and HIF-1α upregulation in the pathogenesis of DR and the effectiveness of their correction by pharmacological blockade of cellular protein kinases with sorafenib have been established.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.