Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41169362›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025

The evolutionary history of IGKC in mammals reveals ancient duplications and remarkable divergence in lagomorphs.

Ana Pinheiro, J Ricardo Borges, João Pedro Marques, Pedro José Esteves

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ana PinheiroCIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
J Ricardo BorgesCIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
João Pedro MarquesCIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
Pedro José EstevesCIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The Immunoglobulin Kappa Constant ( Results: Using genomic sequences from NCBI and Ensembl, we expanded this to 124 Conclusions: Our study represents a significant contribution to the knowledge of the IGKC gene, substantially expanding on information available in IMGT. It highlights complex evolutionary trajectories, especially in lagomorphs. The presence of N-glycosylated sites suggests potential effects on antigen binding, stability, or half-life. The coexistence of purifying and episodic positive selection points to a balance between structural conservation and lineage-specific functional diversification.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGene DuplicationImmunoglobulin kappa-ChainsLagomorphaMammalsAnimalsGlycosylationHumansPhylogenyRabbitsSelection, GeneticImmunoglobulin kappa-Chainsevolutiongene duplicationIGKClagomorphsmammals

Identifiers

PMID41169362
PMCPMC12568662

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.