Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41169234›Full record

ReviewJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2025

Immunological aspects of naturally occurring model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis B, and HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in the American woodchuck Marmota monax.

Tomasz I Michalak

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Tomasz I MichalakMolecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1438-0588

Funding

Canada and the Environment Cancer Grant - Read for CureCanada Foundation for InnovationCanada Research Chair in Viral HepatitisCanada Research Chair ProgramCanadian Institutes of HealthResearch MA-9256Canadian Institutes of HealthResearch MOP-14818Canadian Institutes of HealthResearch MT-11262Canadian Institutes of HealthResearch MT-14818Canadian Institutes of HealthResearch PJT-153001Canadian Institutes of HealthResearch RO-15174Cancer Research Society Inc.CIHRMedical Research Council of Canada PIN 22346Memorial University of Newfoundland
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infection of eastern North American woodchucks (Marmota monax) with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) represents the most valuable immunopathogenic model of hepatitis type B that, like in humans, can advance stepwise from acute hepatitis to chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or become self-resolving and persist as a clinically asymptomatic infection throughout the lifespan. This naturally occurring model is utilized for both basic research and preclinical assessments of anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) agents and immunotherapies against chronic hepatitis B and HCC. The main advantages of the system include a close molecular and immunogenic compatibility between HBV and WHV, equivalence in immune responses in different forms of infection and stages of hepatitis, human-compatible responsiveness to antivirals and immunotherapies, and the fact that virus-host interactions occur in an innately virus-susceptible, immunologically intact host. Woodchuck-WHV infection offers a well-characterized and all-inclusive system to advance studies on HBV pathogenicity and oncogenicity, and for discovery and preclinical validations of new therapies.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularDisease Models, AnimalHepatitis BHepatitis B virusHepatitis B Virus, WoodchuckLiver NeoplasmsMarmotaAnimalsHumanshepatitis B virushepatocellular carcinomaimmune responses in hepadnaviral hepatitisoccult hepadnavirus infectionwoodchuck model of hepatitis B

Identifiers

PMID41169234
PMCPMC12576127

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.