Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41169175›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2026

Gut Microbiota Predicts the Risk of Future COVID-19 Hospitalization and Mortality: Insights From the Population-Based HELIUS Study.

Robert F J Kullberg, Brent Appelman, Henrike Galenkamp, Maria Prins, Bert-Jan van den Born, Max Nieuwdorp, Bastiaan W Haak, W Joost Wiersinga

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Robert F J KullbergCenter for Infection and Molecular Medicine.ORCID 0000-0001-8269-9887
Brent AppelmanCenter for Infection and Molecular Medicine.ORCID 0000-0002-4560-8410
Henrike GalenkampDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam.ORCID 0000-0002-5904-3465
Maria PrinsDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam.ORCID 0000-0003-2967-0289
Bert-Jan van den BornDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam.ORCID 0000-0003-0943-4393
Max NieuwdorpDivision of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1926-7659
Bastiaan W HaakCenter for Infection and Molecular Medicine.ORCID 0000-0002-3903-5441
W Joost WiersingaCenter for Infection and Molecular Medicine.ORCID 0000-0003-2277-1343

Funding

Amsterdam University Medical CentersDutch Heart Foundation 2010T084European Fund for the Integration of Non-EU Immigrants 2013EIF013European Union FP-7 278901Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development 200500003Niels Stensen Fellowship
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gut microbiota are disrupted in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, with a loss of anaerobic bacteria-producing butyrate. Yet, these disruptions could either be a consequence of the infection itself or increase susceptibility from the outset. Here, we investigated whether gut microbiota influence the risk of future COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality. In 5084 participants of a population-based cohort, gut microbiota composition was associated with the risk of future severe COVID-19. Specifically, increased abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria were associated with a lower risk of severe COVID-19. Together, gut microbiota alterations precede severe COVID-19 and may represent a novel target for prevention.

Indexed as

COVID-19Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeHospitalizationAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2anaerobic bacteriabutyrateCOVID-19gut microbiotaSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID41169175
PMCPMC13017446

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.