Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41168205›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Automated navigation of condensate phase behavior with active machine learning.

Yannick H A Leurs, Willem van den Hout, Andrea Gardin, Joost L J van Dongen, Andoni Rodriguez-Abetxuko, Nadia A Erkamp, Jan C M van Hest, Francesca Grisoni, Luc Brunsveld

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Let There be Light! Light as an Engine and Regulator in Synthetic Cells.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yannick H A Leurs *Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Willem van den Hout *Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Andrea Gardin *Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Joost L J van DongenInstitute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Andoni Rodriguez-AbetxukoInstitute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7652-1297
Nadia A ErkampInstitute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Jan C M van HestInstitute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. j.c.m.v.hest@tue.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7973-2404
Francesca GrisoniInstitute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. f.grisoni@tue.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-6615
Luc BrunsveldInstitute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. l.brunsveld@tue.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5675-511X

Funding

Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport (Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport) National Growth Fund Big Chemistry 1420578
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biomolecular condensates are essential cellular structures formed via biomacromolecule phase separation. Synthetic condensates allow for systematic engineering and understanding of condensate formation mechanisms and to serve as cell-mimetic platforms. Phase diagrams give comprehensive insight into phase separation behavior, but their mapping is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Here, we present an automated platform for efficiently mapping multi-dimensional condensate phase diagrams. The automated platform incorporates a pipetting system for sample formulation and an autonomous confocal microscope for particle property analysis. Active machine learning is used for iterative model improvement by learning from previous results and steering subsequent experiments towards efficient exploration of the binodal. The versatility of the pipeline is demonstrated by showcasing its ability to rapidly explore the phase behavior of various polypeptides, producing detailed and reproducible multidimensional phase diagrams. The self-driven platform also quantifies key condensate properties such as particle size, count, and volume fraction, adding functional insights to phase diagrams.

Identifiers

PMID41168205
PMCPMC12575655

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.