ArticleScientific reports2025
Exploring the availability and acceptability of hormone replacement therapy in LMICs using insights of pharmacists (MARIE Sri Lanka WP2a).
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hormone therapy (HT) in women with premature ovarian insufficiency or early menopause: Time to think of a new paradigm for healthy aging. A joint FIGO and IMS position paper.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Menopausal hormone therapy and comprehensive postmenopausal care in gynecologic cancer survivors: A position paper from the FIGO Committee on Women at Menopausal Age.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Review
- Prevalence and determinants of premature or early menopause: a pooled analysis of 716 648 women from 44 low- and middle-income countries.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Physical and mental health impact of perimenopause, menopause and post menopause in a diverse global population (MARIE Project- Global Chapter WP 2a): cross-sectional quantitative data from a mixed-methods study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- A perspective on economic barriers and disparities in access to hormone replacement therapy in LMICs (MARIE-WP2b).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Breaking the silence and building strength; rethinking menopause care through exercise and cultural insight.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
26 authors.
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Abstract
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) remains underutilised and under-researched in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite its potential to alleviate menopausal symptoms. This study explored pharmacists' perspectives on the use, cost, and availability of HRT across six LMICs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 1 to March 31, 2025, as part of the Global Menopause Project. Pharmacists working in community, hospital, and private sector settings in Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Nigeria, Ghana, and Tanzania were recruited. Participants completed an anonymous online questionnaire. The questionnaire was piloted prior to dissemination, assessed HRT availability, pricing, and perceived barriers to use. A total of 331 pharmacists responded: Ghana (18·4%), Sri Lanka (17·5%), Tanzania (16·9%), Nepal (16·6%), Malaysia (15·4%), and Nigeria (15·1%). The respondents were almost equally distributed between sexes (50·8% were female), and most were aged 26-35 years (49·0%). The majority worked in private community pharmacies (41·7%) or government hospitals (32·6%), and 57·4% were based in urban areas. From the sample, 68·9% of pharmacists reported that HRTs were available for dispensing in their respective countries (highest proportion was reported in Nepal, 92·7% and lowest in Nigeria, 42%). HRT costs varied widely, with Sri Lanka reporting the highest prices and Malaysia the lowest. Key barriers identified included low health literacy, economic constraints, and limited healthcare access. Significant disparities exist in HRT access, availability and affordability across LMICs, with urban-rural gaps further compounding inequities. Pharmacists' insights underscore the urgent need for inclusive, equitable strategies in menopausal care and women's health policy in resource-limited settings.
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