ArticleBiological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging2026
Functional Connectivity Gradients Reveal Altered Hierarchical Cortical Organization in Functional Neurological Disorder.
Article in Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Topological signatures differentiating episodic and chronic phenotypes in migraine without aura: a multi-scale analysis revealing divergent network profiles.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Functional Connectivity Predictors and Mechanisms of Symptom Change in Functional Neurological Disorder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Mark Hallett and the renaissance of functional neurological disorder.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Review
- Functional connectivity predictors and mechanisms of symptom change in functional neurological disorder.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Ultra-high field brain MRI for functional neurological disorder: opportunities and challenges.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Review
- Relationships between brain functional connectivity and resting cardiac autonomic profiles in functional neurological disorder: A pilot study.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeuroimaging studies of functional neurological disorder (FND), a core neuropsychiatric condition, often rely on discrete connections or parcellations that may obscure the brain's functional network architecture. In this study, we applied a gradient-based approach to examine macroscale cortical organization in FND.
methodsWe analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 64 patients with mixed FND (FND-mixed), 61 age- and sex-matched healthy control participants (HCs), and 62 psychiatric control participants (PCs) matched on age, sex, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity. Functional connectivity gradients were computed to capture dominant axes of cortical organization. Between-group comparisons were conducted for the top 3 gradients, and associations with symptom severity were investigated. Subtype-specific patterns in functional motor disorder (n = 49) and functional seizure (n = 24) were also examined. Analyses controlled for age, sex, antidepressant use, and head motion and were post hoc adjusted for depression, anxiety, and PTSD severity, as well as for childhood maltreatment.
resultsThe FND-mixed group showed alterations across all 3 gradients compared with HCs and PCs. Gradient 1 revealed increased values in sensorimotor regions, reflecting a shift toward more association-like connectivity. Gradient 2 showed altered differentiation between sensory systems. Gradient 3 exhibited reduced functional separation between representational and modulatory regions, with prominent shifts in the anterior cingulate cortex. Several regions displaying between-group differences also showed correlations with FND and somatic symptom severity. Exploratory analyses revealed overlapping and distinct patterns across subtypes versus control groups.
conclusionsWe provide novel evidence of atypical hierarchical brain organization in FND, highlighting gradient-based approaches for identifying mechanistically relevant altered functional brain organization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.