ArticleEuropace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology2025
Assessment of temperature dynamics in pulsed field ablation with a variable-loop circular catheter: a comparative analysis of waveform configurations and irrigation rates in specimens of bovine ventricular myocardium.
Article in Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Ventricular pulsed field ablation from bench to bedside: preclinical and clinical evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of saline irrigation on haemolysis, silent cerebral lesion incidence, thermal dynamics, and bubble formation in pulsed field ablation with a variable-loop circular catheter.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Trial
- Clinical Advantages and Pitfalls of Pulsed Field Ablation: How to Prevent ALH Syndrome.Journal of arrhythmia · 2026Review
- Irrigation-dependent acute ganglionated plexus modulation during variable-loop pulsed field ablation.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Observational
- Pre-clinical impact of higher irrigation flow rates during pulsed field ablation with a variable loop circular catheter.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Impact of catheter design on lesion dimensions during focal-bipolar pulsed field ablation: an in vitro potato model study.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2026Article
- First clinical experience with the novel Varipulse Pro platform for ablation of atrial fibrillation.European heart journal. Case reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsPulsed Field ablation (PFA) is a non-thermal ablation modality with functional myocardial sparing. Recent evidence suggests that clinically used PFA systems may produce non-negligible thermal effects, particularly at the tissue-catheter interface, potentially increasing the risk of thrombo-embolic complications. This study sought to characterize the temperature dynamics of two PFA pulse waveforms, delivered using a variable-loop circular catheter, under different irrigation conditions. METHODS AND
resultsIn total, 132 ablations were performed on 31 bovine myocardial tissue specimens, using Sequence_1 and Sequence_2 at two different irrigation rates-4 and 30 mL/min. Maximum temperatures and their rise from baseline were measured at the tissue surface, and at 3 and 7 mm depths, across different ablation conditions. Sequence_1 at 4 mL/min produced the highest surface temperature (56.4°C [54.9-58.4]) and temperature rise (ΔT: 19.4°C [17.9-21.4]). Sequence_2 at 30 mL/min showed the most favourable thermal profile, with significantly lower surface temperatures (40.8°C [37.9-43.0], ΔT: 3.8°C [0.9-6.0], P < 0.0001). At 3 mm depth, temperature increases were reduced for all settings, but remained highest with Sequence_1 at 4 mL/min (42.5°C, ΔT: 5.5°C). At 7 mm depth, temperatures remained close to baseline. Both waveform and irrigation optimization independently and synergistically reduced tissue heating, with the Sequence_2 at 30 mL/min achieving the lowest thermal load at all depths.
conclusionThis study confirms that PFA can induce relevant thermal effects, especially at the tissue interface. However, waveform optimization and active cooling significantly mitigate these effects. Such strategies to minimize thermal effects should be implemented in clinical practice to enhance procedural safety.
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