Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41166430›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Automaticity speeds the retrieval of instances from the human hippocampus.

Yuanyuan Zhang, Junxi Chen, Geoffrey F Woodman, Rongqi Lin, Fuyong Chen, Xuchu Weng, Ole Jensen, Jan Theeuwes, Benchi Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Automaticity speeds the retrieval of instances from the human hippocampus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yuanyuan Zhang *Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2664-538X
Junxi Chen *Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510515, China.
Geoffrey F WoodmanDepartment of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235.ORCID 0000-0003-0946-9297
Rongqi LinCenter for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
Fuyong ChenDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China.
Xuchu WengInstitute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
Ole JensenDepartment of Psychiatry and Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13BN, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-8193-8348
Jan TheeuwesDepartment of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands.
Benchi WangInstitute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6348-9777

Funding

the national science and technology innovation 2030 major program 2022ZD0204802Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Automatic processing allows humans to perform tasks with minimal effort following learning. Although theories of automaticity propose that learning should result in faster processing, studies have universally found that learning reduces the amplitude of neural activity, not that it speeds neural activity. Here, we show that with intracranial activity recorded from the hippocampus of twenty-two humans, we could decode the target the participant was about to report faster across learning. Theta oscillations in the hippocampus afforded faster decoding of the to-be-reported target as learning progressed, unlike in prefrontal and temporal regions of the cortex. Furthermore, hippocampal ripples (70 to 180 Hz bursts) appear to support memory retrieval after learning established automaticity. Our findings demonstrate that the hippocampus plays a key role in speeding memory retrieval of previous learning episodes as humans gain expertise, supporting a critical but untested prediction of learning theories.

Indexed as

HippocampusLearningMemoryMental RecallAdultFemaleHumansMaleTheta RhythmYoung Adultautomaticityhippocampusintracranial EEGtheta oscillation

Identifiers

PMID41166430
PMCPMC12595489

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.