ReviewExperimental physiology2025
The effect of bed rest, unilateral limb immobilization and head-down tilt on muscle protein synthesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Experimental physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Musculoskeletal decay and bone-muscle crosstalk during physical disuse: Mechanisms and integrated countermeasures.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Rethinking Muscle Wasting in Critical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Myofiber Size and Protein Turnover.Critical care medicine · 2026Article
- New perspectives on the physiological basis of muscle loss.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation to Combat Muscle Atrophy During Spaceflight: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Potential Applications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The effect of bed rest, unilateral limb immobilization and head-down tilt on muscle protein synthesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Experimental physiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Muscle disuse leads to muscle atrophy and a decrease in muscle function that is primarily driven by reduced muscle protein synthesis (MPS). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effect of different models of muscle disuse on rates of MPS. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library. Eligible randomized and non-randomized controlled trials compared the effect of bed rest (BR), unilateral lower limb immobilization (ULLI), and 6° head-down tilt (HDT) on pre-post muscle disuse changes in MPS in adults. Using the random and fixed effects inverse-variance model, we calculated the mean difference (MD) in the effect of BR on mixed MPS and ULLI on myofibrillar MPS (MyoPS) (both expressed as fractional synthetic rate,%/h). The effect of HDT on MPS was examined through a narrative synthesis of data. A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review and 13 in the meta-analysis. A significant reduction in mixed MPS was observed after BR (k = 4; MD: -0.017%/h, 95% CI: -0.023 to -0.011, I
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