ArticleVeterinary surgery : VS2026
Reconstruction of an orbital fracture in a mare using a 3D-printed patient-specific implant.
Article in Veterinary surgery : VS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Reconstruction of an orbital fracture in a mare using a 3D-printed patient-specific implant.Veterinary surgery : VS · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo describe surgical repair of an orbital wall fracture communicating with the caudal maxillary sinus using a three dimensional (3D)-printed, patient-specific implant (PSI). STUDY
designCase report. ANIMAL: A 25-year-old Haflinger mare (370 kg).
methodsThe mare presented with severe chemosis and emphysema of the left upper and lower eyelid of 2-weeks duration due to a fracture of the ventral floor and inner wall of the left orbit that communicated with the caudal maxillary sinus. Computed tomographic (CT) data were used to design a PSI replicating the inner surface of the unfractured orbit. The data were converted to an STL file and 3D-printed using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Surgical access was obtained via a concho-frontal sinus flap combined with sinoscopy. To reconstruct and seal the orbit, the PSI was lined with porcine small intestinal submucosa and secured to the inner orbital wall using two 3.0 mm titanium locking screws and synthetic, non-absorbable transosseous fiber loops.
resultsThe emphysema resolved postoperatively, and ocular function was unrestricted by the implant. Infection developed subcutaneously adjacent to the transosseous suture fixation at the maxillary bone but resolved with conservative management. Follow-up CT at 11 weeks and owner reports after 18 months confirmed a favorable cosmetic and functional outcome, with only minimal residual ptosis of the left upper eyelid.
conclusionApplication of a PSI axially to the left orbit successfully reconstructed the orbital wall and resolved the communication with the caudal maxillary sinus. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Patient-specific implants represent a novel surgical option for the repair of complex orbital wall fractures in horses.
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