Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41164430›Full record

ArticleCurrent directions in psychological science2025

Signatures of reinforcement learning in natural behavior.

Catherine A Hartley, Susan L Benear, Aaron S Heller

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current directions in psychological science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Catherine A HartleyNew York University, Department of Psychology.
Susan L BenearNew York University, Department of Psychology.
Aaron S HellerUniversity of Miami, Department of Psychology.

Funding

Interactive development of reinforcement learning and adaptive memoryR01MH126183 · NIMH · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · PI Catherine Alexandra Hartley · 2021 to 2026
$3.8M
Mapping links between real-world diversity, positive emotion, and neural dynamics in anhedoniaR01MH133693 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI CORAL GABLES · PI AARON S HELLER · 2023 to 2026
$2.4M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH126183NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH133693
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Across myriad, real-world contexts, we encounter the challenge of learning to take actions that bring about desirable outcomes. The theoretical framework of reinforcement learning proposes formal algorithms through which agents learn from experience to make rewarding choices. These formal models capture many aspects of reward-guided human behavior in controlled laboratory contexts. Here, we suggest that the constructs (i.e., states, actions, and rewards) and algorithms formalized within reinforcement learning theory can be operationally defined and extended to additionally account for learning in complex, natural environments. We discuss several recent examples of empirical studies that provide evidence of signatures of reinforcement learning across diverse human behaviors in everyday environments.

Identifiers

PMID41164430
PMCPMC12560235

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.