ReviewChemical science2025
From electron spin to relaxivity: a multidisciplinary perspective on first-row transition metal-based MRI probes.
Review in Chemical science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Composition-tunable polycarboxylic acid-stabilized ultrasmall amorphous paramagnetic nanoclusters as multifunctional MRI contrast agents.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Investigating Cu(II) Complexes for MRI: A Comprehensive Approach Using EPR, Relaxometry, and Computational Modeling.Inorganic chemistry · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The electron spin is a key enabler of some of the most advanced current technologies. A prime example is the development of MRI contrast agents, where precisely engineered electron spin properties are utilized to enhance the capabilities of one of the most powerful diagnostic tools in the medical science. Clinically approved contrast agents are based on paramagnetic gadolinium(iii) complexes. However, to alleviate health and environmental concerns, as well as for specialized applications, alternatives are sought after. Due to their rich chemistry, abundance and low toxicity first-row paramagnetic transition metal ions are emerging as an appealing alternative. A large experimental effort is needed to engineer the new generation of contrast agents. The primary source of information comes from Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion (NMRD) profiles. While fitting these profiles can, in principle, yield all the structural and dynamic parameters that influence relaxation, the underlying theoretical models demonstrate a significant challenge. The parameters affect the NMRD profiles in highly coupled, non-separable ways, meaning that a simple, unconstrained fit often results in a non-unique solution. Consequently, the independent experimental determination of some, and preferably most, of these parameters offers a considerable advantage in obtaining reliable and physically meaningful information. This perspective outlines an integrated approach that exploits Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for the accurate determination of key molecular parameters. Specifically, EPR is used to quantify the rotational correlation time, the closest proton-metal distance, and the electron spin density at the proton. This methodology is particularly relevant for contrast agents based on first-row transition metal ions. We discuss the contribution of EPR in a complementary context with well-established techniques such as NMR and DFT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.