ReviewFrontiers in medicine2025
Vitamin D and chronic kidney disease: mechanisms, clinical implications, and future perspectives.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of Serum 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Levels with Erythropoietin Resistance Index-Based Relative Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Hyporesponsiveness in Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Updated perspectives on vitamin D deficiency, screening, supplementation and clinical guidance.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- The Role of Vitamin D in Neuropathic Pain: Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Diffuse and Prolonged Bone Pain Revealing Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and Health Outcomes: State-of-the-Art Review of Triangulated Evidence and Ongoing Controversies.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Combination therapy with nutritional vitamin D and calcimimetics in secondary hyperparathyroidism: a mechanism-based approach to restoring PTH regulation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling intersects inflammation, oxidative stress/mitochondrial injury, fibrogenic pathways, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and the gut-kidney axis, providing a biologic rationale for renoprotection. Methods: Narrative review; literature identified from PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (January 2000-August 2025). Adult CKD populations (non-dialysis, dialysis, transplant) were included. Outcomes covered biologic/surrogate (e.g., proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] slope) and hard endpoints (kidney failure, major cardiovascular events, fractures, mortality). Results: Nutritional vitamin D reliably corrects deficiency and improves laboratory profiles; VDR activators (VDRAs) suppress secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). However, consistent benefits on hard outcomes have not been demonstrated across CKD settings, likely reflecting heterogeneity (baseline vitamin D status, stage, co-therapies, endpoints) and formulation/dosing differences (D₃ vs. D₂; cholecalciferol vs. calcifediol; steady vs. bolus). Safety considerations (hypercalcemia/mineral imbalance) apply to active agents and high-dose bolus regimens. Conclusion: A pragmatic approach is warranted: replete deficiency with nutritional vitamin D (prefer D₃; consider calcifediol when faster repletion or persistent SHPT is relevant), avoid mega-bolus dosing, and reserve active VDRAs for clear SHPT indications with careful calcium-phosphate-parathyroid hormone (PTH) monitoring-rather than positioning vitamin D as disease-modifying therapy for unselected CKD. Future trials should enrich truly deficient, higher-risk phenotypes, standardize regimens, and prioritize event-driven hard endpoints with embedded mechanistic markers to confirm on-target biology.
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Registered trials
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