ReviewCureus2025
Systematic Review of Gallbladder Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence on the Association With Cholecystitis.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cholecystitis is a common gastrointestinal condition strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and cholecystitis is poorly defined. To date, no prior systematic review has specifically evaluated this association. This review aimed to evaluate whether T1DM is associated with cholecystitis, gallstones, or broader gallbladder disease and to identify gaps in the literature. A systematic search of Embase, Ovid Emcare, Ovid MEDLINE, and the NHS Knowledge and Library Hub was conducted (last search April 2025). Eligible studies were observational, comparing people with T1DM to nondiabetic or T2DM populations. Case reports, reviews, and studies not distinguishing between diabetes types were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for cross-sectional studies. Due to heterogeneity, a qualitative synthesis was performed. Four studies met the inclusion criteria: two cross-sectional, one retrospective cohort, and one database analysis. Evidence was inconsistent. One cohort study reported a reduced gallstone risk in young adults with T1DM (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25-0.92). A pediatric study found no gallstones among 105 children with T1DM. Broader gallbladder disease outcomes showed no consistent associations after adjustment for confounders. Notably, no study specifically evaluated acute cholecystitis. Current evidence does not demonstrate a clinically significant association between T1DM and acute cholecystitis. The small number and heterogeneity of available studies limit the ability to draw firm conclusions. Further large-scale, prospective research using standardized diagnostic criteria is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.