ArticleCureus2025
Causal Effect of Pulmonary Hypertension on Brain Structure: A Mendelian Randomization Study Combined With Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe causal effect of pulmonary hypertension (PH) on brain structures remains unknown. Our objective is to study the causal association between pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), and brain structures using a Mendelian randomization approach combined with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to analyze the mechanism by which PH affects the brain.
methodsWe analyzed genome-wide association study results from 1,970 patients and 10,363 controls and from 277 patients and 316,345 controls for genetically predicted CTEPH and PAH, respectively. Brain MRI data from the ENIGMA consortium were included as outcomes. Inverse-variance weighting was used to estimate causal associations among CTEPH, PAH, and brain changes, accounting for heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Furthermore, network mediation estimations were performed to analyze the possible mechanisms underlying the impacts of CTEPH and PAH on brain changes.
resultsNo heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy existed in this Mendelian randomization analysis. CTEPH changed the entorhinal surface (β: 1.13 mm
conclusionsCTEPH and PAH exhibit causal associations with distinct brain regions and electrical activity, indicating a varied lung-brain axis linked to the different subtypes of PH and seemingly associated with disturbances in circulating immune cells.
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