ArticleBrain and behavior2025
Acute Effects of Portable Dry-EEG Neurofeedback on Classical Chinese Learning: A Three-Arm Repeated-Measures Study.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Detecting and Improving Human Cognitive State in Real-Time Using Data-Driven Adaptive Systems: A Systematic Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Acute Effects of Portable Dry-EEG Neurofeedback on Classical Chinese Learning: A Three-Arm Repeated-Measures Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
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3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDry-electrode electroencephalography (dry-EEG) systems offer promising opportunities for real-time neurofeedback in naturalistic educational settings, yet their effectiveness in supporting complex language learning remains underexplored. This study investigated the acute effects of portable dry-EEG neurofeedback on students' cognitive performance and attentional states during classical Chinese learning, using a repeated-measures design to compare neurofeedback, sham feedback, and device control conditions.
methodsA total of 20 undergraduate participants completed three sessions involving a customized semantic disambiguation task after passive reading. EEG signals were acquired using a dry-sensor OpenBCI system from four frontal sites (Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4). Real-time attention indices were computed based on the beta/(alpha+theta) ratio and fed back visually in the neurofeedback condition. Cognitive outcomes included comprehension test scores and semantic conflict resolution performance (RT, accuracy, cognitive load).
resultsCompared to sham and control conditions, neurofeedback significantly improved comprehension accuracy (p < 0.001), reduced reaction times in the interference task (p < 0.05), and lowered subjective cognitive load (p = 0.002). EEG indices of attention were significantly elevated during neurofeedback (p < 0.001) and positively correlated with behavioral gains (r = 0.63, p < 0.05).
conclusionsPortable dry-electrode EEG systems can reliably support real-time neurofeedback to enhance attention and cognitive control in complex language learning contexts. This study provides empirical validation for deploying dry-EEG sensors in adaptive educational technologies and contributes to the broader integration of wearable brain-computer interfaces in cognitive augmentation applications.
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