Investigating the effect of foliar spraying of zinc nanoparticles and biostimulants on modulating the effect of water deficit stress in sugar beet by using Integrated Biomarker Response Version 2.

Shahnaz Nikzad, Soran Sharafi, Hamze Hamze, Toraj Mir Mahmoodi, Saman Yazdan Seta

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Differential efficacy of TiO₂ nanoparticle application methods in mitigating water deficit stress in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.).BMC plant biology · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Shahnaz NikzadInstitute of Agriculture, Water, Food, and Nutraceuticals, Mah.C., Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran.

Soran SharafiInstitute of Agriculture, Water, Food, and Nutraceuticals, Mah.C., Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran. S.sharafi@iau-mahabad.ac.ir.

Hamze HamzeSugar Beet Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Hamedan, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Hamedan, Iran.

Toraj Mir MahmoodiInstitute of Agriculture, Water, Food, and Nutraceuticals, Mah.C., Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran.

Saman Yazdan SetaInstitute of Agriculture, Water, Food, and Nutraceuticals, Mah.C., Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The effects of foliar applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles and various biostimulants were studied to alleviate water stress in sugar beet. The experiment used a split-split-plot layout based on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications over two growing seasons (2022-2024). The main plot consisted of two irrigation levels: Irrigation after 60 and 120 mm of evaporation was considered normal irrigation (WW) and water deficit stress (WD). Zinc nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) levels (control, 0.2, and 0.4 mg L

Indexed as

Beta vulgarisMetal NanoparticlesStress, PhysiologicalZincZinc OxideBiomarkersChitosanChlorophyllDehydrationPlant LeavesProlineWaterBiomarkersChitosanChlorophyllProlineWaterZincZinc OxideAntioxidant enzymesBeta vulgarisIntegrated Biomarker Response version 2 (IBRv2)Water deficit stressZinc oxide nanoparticle

Identifiers

PMID41162445

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-19912-9

PMCPMC12572241

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.