Visually encoded mechanoluminescence through hierarchical structuring with microscale patterns and nanoscale features.

Xiaole Ma, Jiaxiang Wang, Jing Li, Yuhan Ren, Di Wu, Zhijuan Su, Jitong Ma, Zhuoqing Yang, Guifu Ding, Faheng Zang

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Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xiaole MaNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Jiaxiang WangNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Jing LiDepartment of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Gent University, Technologiepark 130, Ghent, Belgium.

Yuhan RenNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Di WuNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Zhijuan SuGlobal Institute of Future Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. zhijuan.su@sjtu.edu.cn.

Jitong MaSchool of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China.

Zhuoqing YangNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9635-6145

Guifu DingNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Faheng ZangNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. zangfh@sjtu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1173-6553

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62274108National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62574130

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mechanoluminescence (ML), with its mechano-optical properties, is promising in electronics, photonics, and advanced sensing technologies. However, current thin-film mechanoluminescent devices can hardly provide any pixelated force information attributed to the bottlenecks of their low overall light emission efficiency and poor luminescent contrast. This prevents mechanoluminescent devices from advancing further to full-fledged programmable visual force sensors. Here, we show hierarchical multiscale structures enhanced mechanoluminescent force sensors that leverage the stress-light interaction of multiscale-structured arrays to achieve user-defined pixelated force sensitivity on a uniform ML membrane, delivering a high-resolution output of 637 pixels per inch (PPI). Combining stress localization from the microscale structures and light extraction enhancement from the nanoscale patterns, the ML force-sensing membrane produces a dynamic contrast pattern at 521 nm using a single light-centering material with 366% of light intensity comparing to the bare film. The further demonstration of such multiscale-structured ML in creating force-sensitive counterfeits showcases its potential in developing pixelated and programmable force-light interaction systems.

Identifiers

PMID41162379

DOI10.1038/s41467-025-64558-w

PMCPMC12572224

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.